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Teaching Language Construction

  Teaching Language Construction Studying of a specific feature of the language is new to students and they want to understand and use it or because they want to revise it in order to improve their ability to use it without making errors. The immediate goal of this kind of study is to increase knowledge of the language system so that the longer term aims of improving productive and receptive skills can be achieved.   A. Studying structure and use   A focus on the structure and use of language forms: ·         The morphology of forms ·         The syntax of phrases, clauses and sentences ·         Vocabulary ·         The meaning and functions that phrases and sentences can convey ·         Pronunciation ·         Spelling   A1 Language ...
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Communicative Language Teaching

  Communicative Language Teaching  What is CLT? The communicative approach in language teaching starts from a theory of language as communication. The goal of language teaching is to develop what Hymes (1972) referred to as "communicative competence." Hymes coined this term in order to contrast a communica­tive view of language and Chomsky's theory of competence.   Chomsky held that linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener in a completely homogeneous speech community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as mem­ory limitation, distractions, shifts of attention and interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of the language in actual performance.   The Communicative Approach is based on the idea that learning a language successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning. In the Communicative Approach, the main objective is to pres...
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The Footnote System

The Footnote System A. Purpose of Footnotes: 1.     They may make it legal to publish word from another writer. 2.     They carry out an old tradition of honor among scholars. 3.     They enable a reader in dependently to consult sources of information. 4.     They furnish adults call in full information regarding sources.    It is worth mentioning that footnotes should not be used when they are not needed.   B. When to use a Footnote: 1.     It is needed to give the sources of any fact that is very little known 2.     It is used when you express a theory or opinion drift from another writer. 3.     Any plan or organisation of material (an arrangement of statistics) should be belong to do a source. 4.     It is occasionally used to refer the reader to sources which give more detail on a speci...
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