Fatimah Al-Quraishi

Past Continuous Tense Is the tense that we use to talk about something happened in the past before a certain time, but had no finish, for example: زمن الماضي المستمر هو الزمن الذي يستخدم عند وقت محدد ولكن لم ينته بعد، مثل: This time last year I was living in Baghdad.   Is always used with the past simple tense to say something happened in the middle of something else, for example: يستخدم الزمن الماضي المستمر دائما مع زمن الماضي البسيط عند تداخل الأحداث، مثل: Ali phoned while I was having my dinner. صيغة الاثبات   Affirmative Form   Positive Form / He She It I +was +v. ing + com. Suha was watching T.V. They you we +were +v. ing + com. They were walking to home.   صيغة النفي Negative Form/   He She It I +was + not +v. ing + com. Suha was not watching T.V. They you we +were + not +v. i

  Primary and Secondary Sources   Primary sources are the original words of writer novel, speech, diary, eyewitness account, letter, photography, interview you all results of original research. they are basic materials with little or no annotation or editorial alteration. feel free to court often from a primary source because it has direct relevance to your discussion. Advantage: you are less likely to be affected by the biases of others who have filtered the material before presenting it; i.e., you will be depending on your own judgement rather than on someone else. Disadvantages are: The scope of a single source maybe narrow. Primary sources in general often are hard to find. Working with primary sources usually requires more time consuming research than does working with secondary sources.   Secondary sources drive from primary materials and include analysis, interpretation, and commentary on primary materials.   secondary sources are writings about the primary sour

  Selecting References and Compiling a Bibliography   As a starting point, you need to build a list of potentially useful sources of information about your topic. As you begin locating sources, consider these points: In general, it is good practice two three or more references. A preliminary list should contain for more than three sources. References should be from a variety of a variety of sources: books, periodicals (magazines, journals, newspapers), and published papers.  It is important to use up- to-date sources. Graduate student should rely heavily on the journal literature and their fields. Sources often have bibliographies which lead to other sources. The availability of sources may determine whether or not the topic is responsible.  It may be necessary to change or refine the topic if you cannot locate enough appropriate references.    Critical Evaluation of Sources: The following techniques are used for finding the most reliable sources: Consulting with

  Gathering Data  The search for sources is a serious task that will take time. Some leads will turn out to be dead ends; other leads will provide only trivial information. Some research will be duplicated, and a recursive pattern will develop; that is, you will go back and forth from reading, to searching indexes, and back again to reading. One idea modifies another, connections are discovered, and a fresh perspective emerges. In every case, try to adjust research your experience, moving from general reference works to the specialized indexes and abstracts your filed.   Preliminary work in library:  The key to research is library. The research paper almost always will rely on material found in the library. Since your reading will be extensive, and will usually range through a number of books and articles and be done over a long period of time, you must keep careful records. The next step, then, is to prepare a working bibliography, recording on a separate card the full bibliog

  Eclectic Approach What is EA ? Eclecticism is defined as a type of methodology that makes use of the different language learning approaches instead of sticking to one standard approach” (A L Hamash, 1985:22).     What is the purpose of using EA in Teaching English language? The main purpose here is to take the advantages of each method, approach and technique in English Language Teaching (ELT) and use them depending on the classroom circumstance abilities of the learners.   What are the principles of EA? Dr. Jack C. Richards publish on his personal website that It is a problem-based approach to teaching that is based on the following principles: v What particular problem do my learners encounter in mastering this aspect of language or language use? v What procedures can I make use of from available methods and approaches that could be used to address this problem?   What is the role of the teacher in EA? The teacher selects the Eclectic types of learning act