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Grammar Translation Method (GTM)

  Grammar Translation Method (GTM) What is GTM ? It is an acronym of Grammar Translation Method. It is one of the most traditional method that is used earlier in the 20th century in teaching of classical languages; Latin & Greek.   What is the purpose of using GTM in Teaching English language? GTM used to help students:      read and appreciate foreign language literature,   be familiar with their native language grammar through studying the grammar of the target language,   grow up intellectually by the using of mental exercises of learning, even though they probably never use the target language they are learning.   What are the principles of GTM?   Read and write the literature in target language.   The main goal is to translate each language into other.   To communicate in target language is not important.   The primary skills are reading and writing.   The teacher is the main authority in the...
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Communicative Language Teaching

  Communicative Language Teaching  What is CLT? The communicative approach in language teaching starts from a theory of language as communication. The goal of language teaching is to develop what Hymes (1972) referred to as "communicative competence." Hymes coined this term in order to contrast a communica­tive view of language and Chomsky's theory of competence.   Chomsky held that linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener in a completely homogeneous speech community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as mem­ory limitation, distractions, shifts of attention and interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of the language in actual performance.   The Communicative Approach is based on the idea that learning a language successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning. In the Communicative Approach, the main objective is to pres...
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Audio Lingual Method (ALM)

Audio Lingual Method (ALM) What is ALM ? ALM means Audio-Lingual Method Charles Fries (1945) led the way in applying structural linguistics in developing method. Later in its development, the principle from behavioral psychology (Skinner 1957) were incorporated.   W hat is the purpose of using ALM in Teaching English language? ALM used to help students use target language communicativly automatically without stopping to thing, so they have to form new habits in the target language. What are the principles of ALM? language forms occur within context. The native and target language have separated linguistic systems. Teacher is the model of target language. Language learning is a process of habit formation. It is important to prevent learners from making errors, and if there any they corrected immediately. The purpose of language learning is to learn how to communicate correctly. Particular parts of speech occupy particular slots is sentences. Positive reinforcement he...
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