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Grammar Translation Method (GTM)

 




Grammar Translation Method (GTM)

What is GTM?

It is an acronym of Grammar Translation Method.

It is one of the most traditional method that is used earlier in the 20th century in teaching of classical languages; Latin & Greek.

 

What is the purpose of using GTM in Teaching English language?

GTM used to help students: 

  1.   read and appreciate foreign language literature,
  2.  be familiar with their native language grammar through studying the grammar of the target language,
  3.  grow up intellectually by the using of mental exercises of learning, even though they probably never use the target language they are learning.

 

What are the principles of GTM?

  •  Read and write the literature in target language.
  •  The main goal is to translate each language into other.
  •  To communicate in target language is not important.
  •  The primary skills are reading and writing.
  •  The teacher is the main authority in the classroom.
  •  Native language the most usable language in the classroom.
  •  Learning is facilitating through similarities between target and native language.
  •  Grammar of target language is so important.
  •  Grammar is taught deductively.
  •  Learning language is a good mental exercise.
  •  Grammatical paradigm should be committed to memory.

 

What is The role of the teacher in GTM?

The teacher is the authority in the classroom.

 

What is The role of the student in GTM?

The students do what the teacher does.

 

What is the role of the students’ native language in GTM?

It is the most usable language in the classroom

 

What is the nature of interaction between teacher and students in GTM?

There is no interaction in the classroom, only the teacher supplies the students with the right answers.

 

What areas of Language are emphasized in GTM?

Vocabulary & Grammar are emphasized.

 

What skills of Language are emphasized in GTM?

Reading skill is emphasized.

 

How is evaluation accomplished in GTM?

Evaluation is accomplished by applying grammar rules and translating from target language to native language.

 

How does the teacher respond to student’s error in GTM?

The teacher supplies them with the correct answers.

 

What are the characteristics of teaching and learning process in GTM?

·        Translating

·        Reading literature

·        Mastering grammar

·        Memorizing grammar

·        Memorizing language equivalent

 

What are the techniques used in GTM?

·        Translation of literary passage

The students are asked to translate a literary passage from target language to native language.

·        Reading comprehension questions

The teacher read a passage and then ask the students comprehension questions about this passage and the students try to find the answers from the passage.

·        Antonyms/ synonyms

The students are asked to memorize the native opposite meaning of new vocabulary and sometimes they are asked to memorize the native equivalent meaning of the new vocabulary. 

·        Cognates

The students are asked to know and memorize the cognates by learning the spelling and sound patterns to differentiate between the cognates words. Sometimes, the students are asked to memorize the cognates words that have the same sound patterns but different meaning in the two language.

·        Deductive application of rules

The grammar is explained by introducing the clear form then the students exercise the rule by forming a meaningful sentence according to the grammatical rule. 

·        Fill-in-the-blanks exercise

The students are asked to fill the blanks of given passage that miss particular grammatical words, such as: prepositions or verbs with specific tense.

·        Memorization

The students are asked to memorize a list of target language words and their equivalent native language meaning. 

·        Use words in sentences

The students are asked to use new words in meaningful sentences to show their understanding and using of new words.

·        Composition

The students are given a topic the are familiar with to write about it in the target language. 

 

 


References:

Diane Larsen-Freeman. (2000). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford University Press, USA.

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