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Past Simple Tense زمن الماضي البسيط




Past Simple Tense من الماضي البسيطز

 

Past Simple Tense is the tense that we use to talk about completed action in a time before now.

زمن الماضي البسيط هو الزمن الذي يستخدم للحديث عن الاحداث التي وقعت وأنتهت في الماضي.

 

The use of Present Simple Tense استخدام المضارع البسيط

We use past simple tense to talk about the time of the action that can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.

 

يستخدم الزمن الماضي البسيط للحديث عن الفعل الذي حدث في الزمن الماضي سواء كان قريب أم بعيد ولايهم مدة الفعل.

مثل:

My uncle died last year.

He lived in Baghdad in 1975.

We crossed the Channel yesterday.

 

 Sentence Form with Main Verb صيغة الجملة مع الفعل الرئيسي

 

Affirmative Form (صيغة الإثبات)

الجمع

و

المفرد

Subject (plural/ Singular) + verb + ed + etc.

They played football.

She cooked the dinner.

   

ملاحظة: نضيف ( ed )  لأي فعل أساسي في الزمن الماضي البسيط إذا كان الفعل قياسي (regular) مثل:

(played, watched, cooked, …etc)

أما الافعال غير القياسية (irregular verbs) فغالبا ماتحفظ صيغها من الجداول المرفقة في كتب النحو، مثل:

(saw, went, cut, ..etc.)

:مثل

I saw Ahmed Yesterday.

She dressed up quickly.

They lived in Paris Two years ago.


Negative Form (صيغة النفي)

الجمع

و

المفرد

Subject (plural/ singular) + did + not + verb + etc.

did not play football.

She did not cook the dinner.

 

:مثل

did not see Ahmed Yesterday.

She did not dress up quickly.

They did not live in Paris Two years ago.


Yes/ No- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصديقي

الجمع

و

المفرد

Did + Subject (plural/ singular) + verb + etc. + ?

Did you play football?

Did she cook the dinner?


:مثل

Did you see Ahmed Yesterday?

Did she dress up quickly?

Did they live in Paris Two years ago?

 

Wh- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصوري

الجمع

و

المفرد

Wh + did + Subject (plural/ Singular) + verb + etc. + ?

What did you play?

What did she cook?

 :مثل


ًWhen did you see Ahmed ?

How did she dress up ?

Where did they live Two years ago?


Sentence Form with Verb (BE) صيغة الجملة مع أفعال الكينونة

 

Affirmative Form صيغة الإثبات

الجمع

Subject (plural) + were + etc.

They were teachers.

المفرد

Subject (singular) + is + etc.

She was beautiful.

المتكلم

I + am + etc.

was/ were late.

 

ملاحظة الضمير(I) في الزمن الماضي يكون فعل الكينونة الخاص به أما (was/ were) حسب 

التفضيل فصيغة ال (was) استخدمت حديثا، فيما لم تكن تستخدم سابقا.

:مثل

I was tired.

She was talent.

They were friends.


Negative Form صيغة النفي

الجمع

Subject (plural) + were + not + etc.

They were not teachers.

المفرد

Subject (singular) + was + not + etc.

She was not beautiful.

المتكلم

I + was/ were + not + etc.

was/ were not late.

 :مثل

was not tired.

She was not talent.

They were not friends.


Yes/ No- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصديقي

الجمع

Were + Subject (plural) + etc. + ?

were you teachers?

المفرد

was + Subject (singular) + etc. + ?

Was she beautiful?


 :مثل

Was you tired?

Was  she talent?

Were they friends?



Sentence Form with Verb (have) صيغة الجملة مع أفعال التملك

 

Affirmative Form صيغة الإثبات

الجمع

و

المفرد

Subject (plural/ singular) + had + etc.

They had lecture.

she had a cup of tea.

I had an exam.



 :مثل

I had a scholarship to London.

She had beautiful dresses. 

Ahmed and Fatimah had three sons.



Negative Form صيغة النفي

الجمع

و

المفرد

Subject (plural/ singular) + had + not + etc.

They had not lecture.

she had not a cup of tea.

I had not an exam.

 

 

 :مثل

I had not a scholarship to London.

She had not beautiful dresses. 

Ahmed and Fatimah had not three sons.

 

Yes/ No- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصديقي

الجمع

و

المفرد

Did Subject (plural/ singular) + have + etc. + ?

Did they have lecture?

Did she have book?



 :مثل

Did you have a scholarship to London?

Did she have beautiful dresses?

Did Ahmed and Fatimah have three sons?


Wh- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصوري

الجمع

و

المفرد

Wh + did + Subject (plural/ singular) + have + etc. + ?

What did they have?

What did she have?

 

  :مثل

Where did you have a scholarship ?

What did she have?

How many sons did Ahmed and Fatimah have?

 

ملاحظة: في جميع الصيغ السابقة عند الدلالة عن الزمن الماضي البسيط بالفعل المساعد ( did) فأن الفعل الرئيسي في الجملة يعود الى صيغته الرئيسية الخالية من أي أضافة سواء للجمع أو المفرد.

.كما في الامثلة السابقة جميعا

 

ملخص تخطيطي للزمن الماضي البسيط

الماضي البسيط

past simple




verbs to be

main verbs


افعال الكينونة   (be)

أفعال رئيسية

was

were

regular verbs

irregular verbs

 

 

افعال قياسية تاخذ (ed) في نهايتها

افعال غير قياسية (شاذة) (لاتاخذ ed في نهايتها)

 

 

decide-decided

watch-watched

study-studied

play-played

stop-stopped

go-went

write-wrote

see-saw

send-sent

buy-bought


Reference: 

Murphy, Raymond. (2004). English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press

  

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