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Present Simple Tense

Present Simple Tense زمن المضارع البسيط


Present Simple Tense is the tense that we use its verb in the root form except the third-person singular.

زمن المضارع البسيط هو الزمن الذي نستخدم فيه صيغة الفعل الاساسية بإستثناء صيغة الشخص الثالث.

 

The uses of Present Simple Tense  استخدامات المضارع البسيط

We use present simple tense to talk about:  نحن نستخدم المضارع البسيط للحديث عن

1. Present moment; for example, (اللحظة الحالية)

  • I eat an apple now.
  • She washes the dishes.

2. Habits and routine; for example, (العادات والروتين)

  • I brush my teeth every day.
  • She goes to school every morning

3. Headlines and descriptions; for example,  (العناوين والأوصاف)

  • Cows lose their jobs as milk prices drop.
  • JFK is dead.

4. General truth; for example,  (الحقائق العامة)

  • Viruses spread in many ways.
  • Water boils at 100 c.

 

 Sentence Form with Main Verb صيغة الجملة مع الفعل الرئيسي


Affirmative Form (صيغة الإثبات)

الجمع

Subject (plural) + verb + etc.

I play football.

المفرد

Subject (singular) + verb s/es + etc.

She cooks the dinner.

   

ملاحظة: نضيف ( S )  لأي فعل أساسي في الزمن المضارع البسيط فاعله مفرد، مثل: 

(cuts, pays, plays)

ونضيف ( es ) لآي فعل أساسي منتهي بالحروف التالية (  s, ss, sh, ch, x, o) في الزمن المضارع البسيط فاعله مفرد، مثل:

(watches, goes, washes, goes, touches,...etc)

 

Negative Form (صيغة النفي)

الجمع

Subject (plural) + do + not + verb + etc.

I do not  play football.

المفرد

Subject (singular) +  does + not +verb + etc.

She does not cook the dinner.


   

Yes/ No- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصديقي

الجمع

Do + Subject (plural) + verb + etc. + ?

Do you play football?

المفرد

Does + Subject (singular) + verb + etc. + ?

Does she cook the dinner?

ملاحظة: تسمى (  Yes/ No) لأن إجابتها تبدأ يأما ب ( Yes ) أو (No )، مثلا:

Do you like a cup of coffee?

Yes, I do. /No, I do not.

Does Layla go to school?

Yes, she does. /No, she does not.

 

Wh- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصوري

الجمع

Wh + do + Subject (plural) + verb + etc. + ?

What do you play?

المفرد

Wh + does + Subject (singular) + verb + etc. + ?

What does she cook?

 

ملاحظة: تسمى بال (Wh) لأنها تبدأ بإحدى أدواة السؤال ( What, Where, When, Why, Who, How ) إجابتها تكون جملة تامة المعنى وتُجيب عن معلومة مفقودة، مثلا:

What do Ahmed and Ali do? They play football.

Where Suha goes? She goes to the cinema. 


Sentence Form with Verb (BE) صيغة الجملة مع أفعال الكينونة

 

Affirmative Form صيغة الإثبات

الجمع

Subject (plural) + are + etc.

They are teachers.

المفرد

Subject (singular) + is + etc.

She is beautiful.

المتكلم

I + am + etc.

I am late.

 

Negative Form صيغة النفي

الجمع

Subject (plural) + are + not + etc.

They are not teachers.

المفرد

Subject (singular) + is + not + etc.

She is not beautiful.

المتكلم

I + am + not + etc.

I am not late.

 

Yes/ No- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصديقي

الجمع

Are + Subject (plural) + etc. + ?

Are you teachers?

المفرد

Is + Subject (singular) + etc. + ?

Is she beautiful?


 ملاحظة: في صيغة السؤال تحول ( I ) إلى ( Y ) وعند الإجابة تُعامل العكس حسب المُخاطب، مثلا:

Are you teachers?

Yes, we are. /No, we are not.

Are you late?

Yes, I am. /No, I am not.

 

Wh- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصوري

الجمع

Wh + are + Subject (plural) + etc. + ?

What are these?

المفرد

Wh + is + Subject (singular) + etc. + ?

What is that?


Sentence Form with Verb (have) صيغة الجملة مع أفعال التملك

 

Affirmative Form صيغة الإثبات

الجمع

Subject (plural) + have + etc.

They have lecture.

المفرد

Subject (singular) + has + etc.

She has book.


Negative Form صيغة النفي

الجمع

Subject (plural) + have + not + etc.

They have not lecture.

المفرد

Subject (singular) + has + not + etc.

She has not book.

 

Yes/ No- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصديقي

الجمع

Do Subject (plural) + have + etc. + ?

Do they have lecture?

المفرد

Does + Subject (singular) + has + etc. + ?

Does she has book?


Wh- Question Form صيغة السؤال التصوري

الجمع

Wh + do + Subject (plural) + have + etc. + ?

What do they have?

المفرد

Wh + does + Subject (singular) + have + etc. + ?

What does she have?




Reference: 

Murphy, Raymond. (2004). English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press

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